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Re-thinking conceptualizations of gender in lay usage and academic inquiry: What applied linguistics has to offer current debates in queer linguistics
Oral Presentation[SYMP62] Queer Applied Linguistics: Potential & Limits01:15 PM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/20 11:15:00 UTC - 2024/07/20 14:15:00 UTC
In research on language and gender in the workplace in applied linguistics, performative approaches to gender focusing on how gender is discursively constructed and enacted in interactions have been dominating the scene. However, academic notions of the performance of gender in applied and queer linguistics have not yet translated into lay mainstream understandings of gender, which often refer to more homogenized binary masculine-feminine dichotomies (Meyerhoff & Ehrlich, 2019). This presentation aims to contribute to the aim of the symposium to discuss links between applied linguistics and queer linguistics with a special focus on how theoretical constructs and academic views are linked to the everyday experience of "lay people." Drawing on insights from politeness and intercultural communication research in applied linguistics (Schnurr & Zayts, 2017) we propose that a systematic differentiation between first- and second-order gender may add to these debates. First order notions of gender hereby capture lay usage of the term, often conceptualized as something that people have or are, based on masculine-feminine dichotomies. Second order notions of gender, by contrast, refer to the ways in which researchers conceptualize and operationalize gender in academic inquiry to make sense of participants' linguistic and behavioral practices, including the dynamics of the interactional and discursive achievement of the (un)doing of gender (e.g. Butler, 1990). Drawing on interviews and audio-recordings of workplace interactions in different IT companies in New Zealand, the UK, Switzerland and the US, we illustrate how lay and academic views differ by way of the example of the concept of "gender" to show how a systematic differentiation of gender orders can be operationalized. In our analyses, we explore how participants explicitly make gender (as a first order construct) relevant, for example by orienting to gender stereotypes about what it means to be a woman in the largely masculine IT industry. We differentiate this from the more hidden processes of (un)doing gender (as a second order construct), which are more difficult to capture empirically. Applying our own second-order lens of interactional sociolinguistics, we show how participants both reject and endorse the cis-heteronormative gender order in intricate ways when drawing on first-order notions of gender. We discuss some of the ways in which a differentiation between first- and second-order gender in our analyses can help provide a more nuanced perspective on the application of complex theoretical concepts to real world problems, and the discrepancy between lay and academic conceptualizations of gender. We end our talk by outlining some questions for future research we hope language and gender scholars in applied and queer linguistics may find useful in their research endeavors. Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge. Meyerhoff, M., & Ehrlich, S. (2019). Language, gender, and sexuality. Annual Review of Linguistics, 5, 455–475. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-052418-094326 Schnurr, S., & Zayts, O. (2017). Language and culture at work. Routledge.
Analysing language and LGBTQ+ youth identity construction through a queer, intersectional approach
Oral Presentation[SYMP62] Queer Applied Linguistics: Potential & Limits01:15 PM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/20 11:15:00 UTC - 2024/07/20 14:15:00 UTC
I consider here the impact of prevailing norms surrounding gender and sexuality on LGBTQ+ young people. I introduce a linguistic ethnography project with LGBTQ+ youth in England which uses a queer discourse analytic approach to examine how they construct their identities and to show what this reveals about their marginalisation. Drawing on intersectionality theory, I argue that each young person's unique combination of experiences informs the way that they position themselves in relation to broader structural inequalities. To illustrate this, I analyse interview data from a 14-year-old South Asian trans girl as she describes feeling forced to adhere to masculine outward signifiers in order to pass safely through airport security, a context in which she already felt vulnerable as an immigrant. Through the intersectional analysis of identity as it is constructed discursively in moments such as this, I argue, we can better understand how marginalised individuals' lives are constrained by external structures of power and oppression. In addition, I demonstrate in this paper how research such as this can inform a queer applied linguistics by sharing my efforts to influence and inform public conversations and policymaking around gender and sexuality in relation to young people in the UK.
In this paper, I consider the impact of prevailing norms surrounding gender and sexuality on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) young people. I introduce a linguistic ethnography project with LGBTQ+ youth in England which uses a queer discourse analytic approach to examine how they construct their identities and to show what this reveals about their marginalisation. Drawing on intersectionality theory (Yuval-Davis 2011), I argue that each young person's unique combination of experiences informs the way that they position themselves in relation to broader structural inequalities. Underpinning the discourse analysis is a sociocultural linguistics approach (Bucholtz and Hall 2005), which facilitates analysis of the links between broader ideological structures and interactional moments of identity construction. To demonstrate this here, I focus on just one of the 32 participants involved in this project: a 14-year-old South Asian trans girl called Zeba, who was living with a foster family in a different part of the country to her parents at the time that I interviewed her. In my analysis, I discuss the specific intersections that she inhabits and show how these impact on her identity construction. Specifically, I analyse the stances that she takes through her language use and the role of affect within this. I analyse moments from the interview in which Zeba describes feeling forced to adhere to masculine outward signifiers in order to pass safely through airport security, a context in which she already feels vulnerable as an immigrant. Through an intersectional, interactional sociocultural linguistic analysis of identity as it is constructed in moments such as this, I argue, we can better understand how marginalised individuals' lives are constrained by external structures of power and oppression. In demonstrating how research such as this can inform a queer applied linguistics, I also speak here to the work carried out as part of this project to influence and inform public conversations and policymaking around gender and sexuality in relation to young people in the UK. In particular, I share my experiences developing an awareness-raising social media campaign with participants in my project, as well as a report on the key policy implications of the research which was shared with members of the UK government. I also present my plans to help increase public understanding of language used to talk about the LGBTQ+ community, including pronouns. References Bucholtz, Mary, and Kira Hall. 2005. 'Identity and Interaction: A Sociocultural Linguistic Approach'. Discourse Studies 7(4–5):585–614. Yuval-Davis, Nira. 2011. The Politics of Belonging: Intersectional Contestations. London: SAGE.
Presenters Lucy Jones Associate Professor In Sociolinguistics, University Of Nottingham
Oral Presentation[SYMP62] Queer Applied Linguistics: Potential & Limits01:15 PM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/20 11:15:00 UTC - 2024/07/20 14:15:00 UTC
In this presentation I argue for a queer applied linguistic approach to the study representations of sexual citizenship in contemporary media. Sexual citizenship refers to the rights and responsibilities of citizens which intersect with sexual orientation, gender identity, expression and sex characteristics (SOGIESC). Theories of sexual citizenship encompass not only on the legal and social discourses of sexual rights, but also representations in popular culture and the media. Taking the explosion of newspaper and magazines articles, light entertainment and current affairs shows commonly referred to as an "LGBT boom" in pre-2020 Games Japan as an example, I explore how media technologies, such as infographics and impact captioning, and collaborative writing practices, such as transcription, editing and layout, are manipulated to mould the ideological parameters of diversity and inclusion of LGBTQIA+ individuals. I mobilse the concept of "language-labour" to refer to collaborative processes of writing that produce complex these complex multimodal texts. "Language-labour" refers to multi-faceted and multi-functional linguistic practices that are employed at the governmental (or policy), commercial and civic (or personal) levels in the production of texts. Collaborative acts of writing such as the editing of magazine articles, the layering of captions onto audiovisual media, or the sharing of news items across social-media platforms are examples of work done by and through language. Looking towardslanguage-labour enables analysis of how public discourse situates social, cultural and political groups in relation to domestic and international affairs. Such writing occurs according to participatory norms that are embedded in local interactions and are in turn influenced by wider socio-political contexts. The editorial manipulation of visual semiotics and language ideologies (Irvine and Gal 2000, Schieffelin et al. 1998, Silverstein 1979) shapes how national, cultural, social and personal identities are constituted, negotiated and contested in the media. Through collaborative processes enacted over multiple-sites, identities are constituted, negotiated and contested in ways that have real-world effects on the local, regional and global understandings of LGBTQIA+ rights.
Cossman, B. 2007. Sexual citizens: the legal and cultural regulation of sex and belonging. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Irvine, Judith T., and Susan Gal. 2000. "Language Ideology and Linguistic Differentiation." In Regimes of Language, edited by Paul V. Kroskrity, 35-83. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press. Schieffelin, Bambi B., Kathryn Anne Wollard, and Paul V. Kroskrity, eds. 1998. Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. New York: Oxford University Press. Silverstein, Michael. 1979. "Language Structure and Linguistic Ideology." In The Elements, edited by Paul R. Clyne, William F. Hanks and Carol L. Hofbauer, 193-247. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Linguistic Society.
Presenters Claire Maree Professor, University Of Melbourne
Oral Presentation[SYMP62] Queer Applied Linguistics: Potential & Limits01:15 PM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/20 11:15:00 UTC - 2024/07/20 14:15:00 UTC
#TransInTranslation: Theoretical notes on researching translation practices of Polish transgender online communities
In this talk I would like to discuss selected theoretical aspects of my current postdoctoral project Trans in Translation: Multilingual practices and local/global gender and sexuality discourses in Polish transition narratives, carried out at the School of Modern Languages, Cardiff University. My point of departure is the trans- prefix, common to many concepts central to this project: transition, transgender, translation, translanguaging, transcultural, transnational or transdisciplinary. These concepts do not only share the prefix, though, but also enter into complex relationships with each other, which I will attempt to map out in my presentation. I will focus specifically on gender transition and interlingual translation, which could also be seen as a kind of transition (of a text from language A to language B, for example). To do this, I shall explore the notion of language ideologies in parallel with gender ideologies. The idea that languages are unified, countable, stable, orderly and well-bordered resembles the idea that genders are mutually exclusive binary opposites: "monolingualism, like cisgender, often remains a normative, unmarked category of practice and analysis" (Gramling & Dutta 2016: 336). From this point of view, translation and gender transition can be seen as strategies to maintain and uphold the monolingual and cisgender normative ideals (Bassi 2020). But if we follow queer, postcolonial and ecological approaches, then multilingualism and translanguaging as well as various transgressive gender practices take centre stage. From this perspective, languages and genders are both performative inventions. Viewed from various "uncomfortable" locations at the margins (Milani 2014), the arbitrariness of traditional linguistic and gender categories becomes clear, leading to theories of relationships, connections, embodiments and extensions (e.g. Steffensen 2015). I will attempt to answer the question: can such queer/queered theories reach beyond the mere "pluralization of monolingualisms" (Pennycook 2010: 12), beyond languages and genders as "being there", to be able to describe the actual messy practices and performances of "becoming", moving, touching and transfusing?
Bibliography: Bassi, Serena. 2020. 'Queer Translanguagers versus Inclusive Language: Translingual Practices and Queer Italian Studies'. In Charles Burdett and Loredana Polezzi, eds. Transnational Italian Studies. Transnational Modern Languages. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, pp. 361–374. Gramling, David, and Aniruddha Dutta. 2016. 'Introduction'. TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 3, no. 3–4, pp. 333–56. Milani, Tommaso M. 2014. 'Marginally speaking'. Multilingual Margins 1, no.1, pp. 9–20. Pennycook, Alastair. 2010. 'Disinventing and Reconstituting Languages'. In Sinfree Makoni and Alastair Pennycook, eds. Disinventing and Reconstituting Languages. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, pp. 1–41. Steffensen, Sune V. 2015. 'Distributed language and dialogism: notes on non-locality, sense-making and interactivity'. Language Sciences 50, pp. 105–119.
Presenters Joanna Chojnicka Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellow, Cardiff University
Language without linguists: how queer agency is transforming French language practices within the most important literary festival in Atlantic Canada.
Oral Presentation[SYMP62] Queer Applied Linguistics: Potential & Limits01:15 PM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/20 11:15:00 UTC - 2024/07/20 14:15:00 UTC
Since 1999, The Frye literary Festival is a bilingual celebration of the literary landscape with writers from all over Canada and beyond participating in literary events in Moncton, New Brunswick. This presentation examines a digital data corpus that focuses on the queer language practices observed on the literary festival's website and social media between May 2021 to May 2022. This corpus will allow me to compare bilingual practices of queerness with a greater focus on French language practices. This applied linguistics pathway into queer language practices will be examined through the notion of sociolinguistic citizenship inspired by Betsy Rymes (2020) which goes beyond the idea of examining what non-linguists think of language practices to interpret specific forms of storytelling in public spaces through language choices. Queer sociolinguistic citizenship within the literary festival language landscape will allow us to understand how social change also stems from action to broaden collective consciousness of queer existence within linguistic communities. The festival's digital archives offer a space of testimony and is an excellent example of how language without linguists (advocating for linguistic change from an expert perspective) is shaped by everyday non-binary practices that foster the potential for a queer future.
Since 1999, The Frye literary Festival is a bilingual celebration of the literary landscape with writers from all over Canada and beyond participating in literary events in Moncton, New Brunswick. The festival is named in honour of famous Canadian writer Northrop Frye who in his book The Educated Imagination (1966) writes "The fundamental job of the imagination in ordinary life, then, is to produce, out of the society we have to live in, a vision of the society we want to live in". This quote inspires language imagination within the Festival in bringing together two officially recognized linguistic communities in Canada, the francophone minority and the anglophone majority with events in either official language or with bilingual interpretation. Since 2015, the hiring of queer employees has coincided with the shifting of the Festival's public communication strategy from bilingualism to queer practices of bilingualism. In other words, queer agency has contributed to produce queer linguistic practices in both official language, including the minority language, French, in ways that create queer language accessibility for those who do not recognize themselves in standardized binary forms. The written word produced by the festival has become a testimony to queer existence and is an excellent example of how language without linguists (advocating for linguistic change from an expert perspective) is shaped by everyday practices. In this presentation, I will present a digital data corpus that focuses on the queer language practices observed on the literary festival's website and social media between May 2021 to May 2022. This corpus will allow me to compare bilingual practices of queerness with a greater focus on French language practices. In adopting an applied sociolinguistics pathway to queer language practices, I will also analyze the queerification of the festival's language through the notion of sociolinguistic citizenship inspired by Betsy Rymes (2020) which goes beyond the idea of examining what non-linguists think of language practices to interpret specific forms of storytelling in public spaces through language choices. How can we imagine queer futures without queer language ? In other words, queer agency contributes to queer sociolinguistic citizenship within the literary festival language landscape and allows us to understand how social change also stems from action to broaden collective consciousness of queer existence within linguistic communities.
Lucy Jones
Claire Maree
Joanna Chojnicka
