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20230721T150020230721T1800Europe/Amsterdam[SYMP57] OPEN CALL - New fields of research in Applied LinguisticsHybrid Session (onsite/online)AILA 2023 - 20th Anniversary Congress Lyon Editioncellule.congres@ens-lyon.fr
Cognitive Sociolinguistic Aspects of Swift Variations in Indian Languages during the Pandemic
Oral Presentation[SYMP57] OPEN CALL - New fields of research in Applied Linguistics03:00 PM - 03:30 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/21 13:00:00 UTC - 2024/07/21 13:30:00 UTC
The paper analyses how an unfamiliar, globally affected pandemic immediately affects languages and results in language variation. The study explores the possibilities of the framework of cognitive sociolinguistics to analyse a language variation in progress. It explores the range of new additions to the languages spoken in India due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It contests the view of language variation as a gradual, slow and systematic process as the present scenario is diverging by a 'swift variation' as these expressions spread globally as the virus irrespective of the language. It obtains data from the borrowings and 'semantic adaptations' in languages such as Malayalam, Tamil, Hindi and Bengali through the experimental and sociolinguistic methodology. The paper develops on the qualitative analysis of the semantic familiarity of various speakers with the corpus created from the pandemic code and analyses the familiarity index of the linguistic variations during the first and second waves of the pandemic in India.
The paper demonstrates how an unfamiliar, globally affected social issue like the present pandemic immediately affects languages and results in language variation using the existing framework of cognitive sociolinguistics (Geeraerts, 2005; Geeraerts, Kristiansen & Peirsman, 2010; Zenner, Speelman & Geeraerts, 2010; Labov, 2011; Zenner et al., 2012; Pütz, Robinson & Reif, 2014; Hollmann, 2017). The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in using many new words and phrases especially, in the daily discourses in English. The universality of the English language and borrowings from English to other languages has become an inevitable process during this period. Similarly, some of the less common words that already existed, in general, gained attention and usage. Language variation is viewed as a gradual, slow and systematic process (Chambers, Trudgill & Schilling, 2013; Labov, 1972; 2001; 2011); the present scenario is diverging by a 'swift variation' as these expressions spread globally as the virus irrespective of the language. Therefore, observing language variations in progress due to a social phenomenon like this gains momentum. Thus, the paper explores the sociocognitive aspects of linguistic adaptations in Indian languages during the pandemic. It obtains evidence of variations in discourses and their semantic adaptations from Indian languages; Dravidian languages namely Malayalam and Tamil; and Indo-Aryan languages namely Hindi and Bengali. The analysis progresses along with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of linguistic additions and borrowings from the pandemic code and their further semantic adaptations. Indian languages also follow the global phenomenon of incorporating a lot of borrowed expressions from English (Devy, 2015). The paper develops on the analysis of the semantic familiarity of the speakers with the corpus created from the pandemic code. The 20 informants for each language are from various age groups ranging from 15 to 85, who cannot understand or speak English beyond the word level. The study employed digital cue cards containing the expressions in their contexts written with the Malayalam writing system. All the possible semantic associations of each item in the corpus made by every speaker were recorded and analysed further. Apart from the apparent assimilations, the factors of analysis include the following: i) familiarity index (which includes checking multiple attributions of an expression), ii) semantic adaptation, iii) other semantic attributions and iv) semantic extensions. The study explains the pandemic linguistic expressions, which are elevated as a 'universal pandemic code', by exploring their impact on the languages under the study. These current variations in these languages were observed to have a similar pattern that creates a 'swift language variation', unlike the previously explored language variations, which had a slow and gradual pace. It further identifies the existence of two categories of expressions based on the discourse patterns; a) Familiar Expressions that are adapted in daily discourses (e.g.: mask, quarantine, containment, lockdown, among others.) and b) Less familiar expressions (pandemic, community spread, flatten the curve, among others) that chiefly present among the older generation than the younger age groups. The more familiar words are observed to be undergoing a semantic extension in the daily discourses. On the other hand, some of the familiar words are observed to be semantically narrowed with one single attribution also. Thus, the study validates that the more familiar expressions in the corpus are observed to be undergoing a semantic extension in the daily discourses. On the other hand, some of the familiar expressions are observed to have semantic narrowing with one single attribution. The paper tries to develop a pattern of 'swift variation' across the languages under analysis and show how a cognitive sociolinguistic analysis helps to theoretically explain a new dichotomy of 'slow' versus 'swift' variations in languages.
Discourse Analysis in the Ontological Turn: Considerations for Language without Representation
Oral Presentation[SYMP57] OPEN CALL - New fields of research in Applied Linguistics03:30 PM - 04:00 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/21 13:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/21 14:00:00 UTC
Recent interest in posthumanism and the new materialisms in applied linguistics has generated questions about how to engage in analysis from these theoretical perspectives (e.g., Canagarajah, 2018; Gurney & Demuro, 2019). Particularly challenging is that these theories not only critique the privileged role of language and representation in Western thought, but also that they decenter the human as an agentive, meaning-making subject (Coole & Frost, 2010). Scholars such as Lamb and Higgins (2020), Pennycook (2018), and Toohey (2018), however, have demonstrated the potential of putting language on the same ontological level as the more-than-human by attending to the spatial and material aspects of communication and to the role of non-human agency in language events. Yet, there remains a need to engage more thoroughly with "the materiality of language itself" (MacLure, 2013, p. 663) as well as how it provokes activity outside of a representational model of analysis.
The purpose of this presentation is therefore two-fold. First, it seeks to lay out the onto-epistemological plane in which posthumanist and new materialist theories exists. Second, it seeks to illustrate how language can be analyzed from a nonrepresentational perspective. Data for the illustration comes from a participatory action research project carried out with multilingual youth in the southeastern United States. In particular, the presentation zeroes in on a drama game youth played to highlight how language exceeded its representational bounds through disjunction, repetition, and asignifying ruptures. The presentation also draws out the theoretico-methodological tool that enabled such a focus, namely, Deleuze's (1997) concept of stuttering. Additionally, it provides a point of entry for using other posthumanist and new materialist concepts as methods to carry out discourse analysis that moves beyond representation. Implications include the need for more theoretico-methodological work in applied linguistics that attends to nonrepresentation in language analysis as well as how diversity in thought can open up and affirm different ways of knowing, being, and languaging to create more just and equitable futures with and for the multilingual populations we engage in research with.
References
Canagarajah, S. (2018). Translingual practice as spatial repertoires: Expanding the paradigm beyond structuralist orientations. Applied Linguistics, 39(1), 31-54.
Coole, D., & Frost, S. (Eds.). (2010). New Materialisms: Ontology, agency, and politics. Duke University Press.
Deleuze, G. (1997). Essays critical and clinical (D.W. Smith & M.A. Greco, Trans.). University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1993)
Gurney, L., & Demuro, E. (2019). Tracing ne ground, from language to languaging, and from languaging to assemblages: Rethinking languaging through the multilingual and ontological turns. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1-20.
Lamb, G., & Higgins, C. (2020). Posthumanism and its implications for discourse studies. In A. D. Fina & A. Georgakopoulou (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of discourse Studies (pp. 350-370). Cambridge University Press.
MacLure, M. (2013). Researching without representation? Language and materiality in post- qualitative methodology. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26(6), 658-667.
Pennycook, A. (2018). Posthumanist applied linguistics. Routledge.
Toohey, K. (2018). The onto-epistemologies of new materialism: implications for applied linguistics pedagogies and research. Applied Linguistics, 40(6), 937-956.
Sociocognitive Relationship Between Social Values and Ideologies: the Axiological Hypothesis
Oral Presentation[SYMP57] OPEN CALL - New fields of research in Applied Linguistics04:00 PM - 04:30 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/21 14:00:00 UTC - 2024/07/21 14:30:00 UTC
Emotion and evaluation are the subjects of increasing interest in applied linguistics. Ideology also provokes new investigations. However, studies of valuation and ideologies go back to the very beginning of linguistics as an independent science. Bally (1913) developed an evaluative theory about the omnipresence of emotion in living forms of language, and Voloshinov (1929) developed the notion of dialogism and tried to reconcile it with the Marxist theory of ideologies. In the years that followed, these lines of inquiry were pushed aside in favor of more formalistic approaches to language. Appraisal Theory (Martin & White, 2005) has provided a functional and systematic theoretical framework. Correlatively, Critical Discourse Analysis (Van Dijk, 2008) allows a sociocognitive approach to group ideologies. Although valuation and ideologies are interrelated linguistic phenomena, AT and CDA do not explain the origin of social values, nor do they explain the sociocognitive processes that regulate ideologies. The Theory of Communicative Action itself (Jürgen Habermas, 1981), the ultimate foundation of the CDA, is accused of starting from an ideological approach, just like other approaches to social values from the field of pragmatics. In this aspect, the investigations seem to have entered a dead end. In our analysis of the linguistic evaluation systems in the work of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Ramírez, 2022), we have applied a methodological interface that links AT with the contextual models of CDA. The Method Based on Constituents (MBC) starts from the rudiments of universal grammar, analyses several linguistic levels, and has allowed the reconstruction of contextual models and, especially, of social values, leading to the study of the relationship between social values and ideologies. At all times, we have maintained the perspective of systemic and functional grammar, but towards a pragmatic, comprehensive, and even holistic view of language. However, the analysis indicates the existence of more spheres of value than those postulated by TA, and contrary to what is postulated by the CDA, some social values seem to transcend the framework of group ideologies and even stimulate inter-ideological dialogue. The paper briefly presents new results of our research and finally proposes a new hypothesis about the origin of social values and their socio-cognitive relationships with ideologies.
Bally, Charles ([1913] 1965). Le langage et la vie. Génève: Librairie Droz. Habermas, Jürgen (1987). Teoría de la acción comunicativa I y II. Madrid: Taurus. Martin, James Robert y Peter Rupert Rupert White ([2005] 2008). The Language of Evaluation. Appraisal in English. Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan. Ramírez, José M. (2022). Los sistemas de valoración lingüística en la obra de Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Un estudio del diálogo y los valores sociales en torno a la ciencia. Ciempozuelos, Madrid: ACVF – La Vieja Factoría. Van Dijk, Teun A. ([2008] 2017). Discurso y contexto. Barcelona: Gedisa. Voloshinov, Valentin Nikólaievich ([1929] 1992). El marxismo y la filosofía del lenguaje. Madrid: Alianza.
Discursive value creation: sustainable fashion in Shanghai’s high-end market
Oral Presentation[SYMP57] OPEN CALL - New fields of research in Applied Linguistics04:30 PM - 05:00 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/21 14:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/21 15:00:00 UTC
This study examines how Bourdieu's conceptualisation of distinction manifests itself in the promotion of fashion products that are regarded as 'ethical', 'sustainable' and 'authentic'. According to Bourdieu (1984:231), the producers who are guided by the logic of competition with other producers and by the specific interests associated with their position in the field of production, produce distinct products to meet different cultural interests that the consumers attribute to their class conditions and positions. Situated within an industry stylising itself as globally connected yet locally engaged, my research investigates how the concept of 'sustainable fashion' is constructed and circulated linguistically in Shanghai's high-end market, and how added value is discursively created around their products for specific social groups. In particular, the focus is on Shanghai, one of the most affluent cities in China that is exemplary of changing consumption patterns among a growing middle- and upper class who are geared towards consuming sustainable fashion products. Research has shown that the language used within the commodity chain process is not only limited to its descriptive function for the production, circulation, or exchange of products but can also be considered an important constitutive part of the entire process (e.g. Heller et al. 2014; Lorente, 2012; Shankar and Cavanaugh, 2012). Under this argument, this study highlights the significance of language in creating taste distinction and hope to contribute to scholarly discussions on the role of language within political economies.
The data under analysis consists of field notes, interview transcripts, texts collected from the field (e.g. promotional pamphlets, posters, exhibition boards) and social media posts of stakeholders within the fashion industry in Shanghai. The mix-methods approach was adopted to achieve methodological triangulation. Specifically, the ethnographic part of the research, comprised of participant observations and semi-structured interviews, aims to investigate the underlying relations of stakeholders and draw up a chain of commodities that links think tanks, recycling initiatives, garment traders, production cooperatives and fashion brands who are all engaged in the valuation of sustainable clothing; the corpus-analytical part, informed by ethnography, examines stakeholders' Weibo (a popular social media website in China)posts to explore how social media contribute to the discursive creation of value and to self-representation. It is argued that the added value of high-end sustainable fashion products is discursively constructed through taste distinction, which helps the stakeholders establish a niche market in Shanghai by differentiating themselves from other businesses within the fashion industry that rely on the industrial-, exploitative- and delocalised forms of production.
References Bourdieu, P., 1984. Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Heller, M., Pujolar, J. and Duchêne, A., 2014. Linguistic Commodification in Tourism. Journal of Sociolinguist, 18 (4), 539–566. Lorente, B. P., 2012. The Making of "Workers of the World": Language and the Labour Brokerage state. In: Duchêne, A., Heller, M. (Eds.), Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit. New York: Routledge, 183–206. Shankar, S. and Cavanaugh, J. R., 2012. Language Materiality in Global Capitalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 355–369.
Presenters Qin Fan PhD Student , Lancaster University
La langue parlée en interaction, cœur du travail social et moteur d’une science citoyenne à l’ère phygitale : Un dispositif hybride de co-recherche praticienne et usagère en Économie sociale familiale
Oral Presentation[SYMP58] OPEN CALL - Social responsibility05:00 PM - 05:30 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/21 15:00:00 UTC - 2024/07/21 15:30:00 UTC
Our paper intends to show how a practitioner and citizen research firmly rooted in interactional and applied linguistics contributes to (1) better understand how some actors in our society take social co-responsibility to fight against the risks of financial breakdown that could lead individuals and families into poverty, (2) reveal the strong motivation of these same actors to participate actively in joint research, the results of which can be used in professional practices for the benefit of other citizens who are also at financial and social risk. It will be based on a corpus of recordings of the language work of counselling and support carried out by social workers in family social economics, co-analysed within the framework of an online self-confrontation set of professionals, but also of the people supported, with their own interaction behaviours, which combines contributions from Applied Conversational Analysis and Microphenomenological Interviewing.
La langue parlée en interaction est au cœur des métiers du travail social (Soulet, 1997 : 67-68), ce qui confère aux sciences du langage une position privilégiée pour contribuer au développement des sciences du travail social (Shaw, 2016). Les communautés de pratiques sont riches en savoirs incorporés aux actions, construits dans et par les expériences en première personne inhérentes à la pratique (Ollagnier-Beldame, 2022). La mise en visibilité et la formalisation de ces savoirs praticiens constituent les objectifs centraux des recherches dites praticiennes, portées par des praticiens-chercheurs qui, en collaboration avec des chercheurs académiques, mènent des études autocentrées sur leurs propres pratiques et les savoirs d'action qui y sont accumulés (Binet, Rullac & Pinto, 2022).
Les études de corpus menées en analyse conversationnelle ethnométhodologique créent les conditions nécessaires à des études directes et microdétaillées des métiers-en-acte, qui rendent visibles les savoirs praticiens de professionnels qui sont en première ligne de la lutte préventive contre l'exclusion et la pauvreté : les Conseiller/ères en Économie Sociale Familiales (CESF).
La rencontre entre l'analyse conversationnelle appliquée (Antaki, 2011), pièce maîtresse de la linguistique interactionnelle, et la recherche praticienne, repose sur la conception et la mise en œuvre de dispositifs de co-analyse, qui étendent la collaboration entre les chercheurs académiques et les praticiens-chercheurs, longtemps confinée à la seule collecte des corpus, à l'analyse conjointe des données d'enregistrement des corpus, moyennant le recours à des entretiens d'autoconfrontation (Mollo & Falzon, 2004) combinés à des entretiens d'explicitation micro-phénoménologique (Petitmengin, Bitbol & Ollagnier-Beldame, 2015). Ce travail co-analytique peut se faire à distance, sur des plateformes de visioconférence, lors de sessions en ligne, elles-mêmes enregistrables, réalisées avec l'aide du logiciel de transcription et d'annotation ELAN, qui facilite la focalisation attentionnelle conjointe sur les détails de la pratique professionnelle. Ce travail co-analytique phygital peut s'étendre aux personnes accompagnées, qui ont accepté que leurs entretiens d'accompagnement social soient enregistrés, ce qui permet de compléter la co-recherche praticienne d'une co-recherche dite usagère.
Le dispositif hybride et multimodal qui résulte des choix que nous venons de résumer, fortement ancré dans le champ d'une linguistique interactionnelle et appliquée, dynamisé dans et par la parole-en-interaction, ayant pour objet des pratiques professionnelles elles-mêmes langagières, qui mobilisent et articulent, dans le cours de leur accomplissement, des savoirs alors rendus observables, descriptibles et analysables, s'avère constituer un puissant moteur de développement d'une science citoyenne (Hecker et al., 2018), qui permet aux chercheurs de promouvoir pleinement les responsabilités sociales et civiques de la science, en étroite collaboration avec les autres citoyens.
L'exposé du modus operandi et des résultats qu'un tel dispositif d'autoconfrontation accompagnée permet d'atteindre sur les plans de la recherche et de la formation (Binet & Jondeau, 2022) sera étayé sur des extraits de transcription multimodale du travail des CESF et des sessions de co-analyse.
Presenters Michel Binet Professor, GEACC-CLISSIS, Universidade Lusíada De Lisboa
José Manuel Ramírez Del Pozo Martín
Qin Fan
Michel Binet
