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20230718T083020230718T1615Europe/Amsterdam[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics PerspectivesHybrid Session (onsite/online)AILA 2023 - 20th Anniversary Congress Lyon Editioncellule.congres@ens-lyon.fr
Pour une politique d’archivage pérenne des corpus collectés en Analyse Conversationnelle : la vie longue et multiple du premier Corpus collecté au Portugal dans le champ de la recherche en travail social
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
The permanent archiving of corpora collected in Conversational Analysis is too often threatened by the Research Ethics Commissions, regulatory bodies that have multiplied in recent years, in Portugal as in many other countries. The researchers' ability to negotiate with these bodies depends largely on their ability to demonstrate the scientific value of the corpus, which neither runs out nor disappears with the end of the project in the framework of which it was collected. However, this demonstration is difficult to achieve, even before the corpus is collected and analysed. It is up to the teams and researchers who have succeeded in negotiating the permanent archiving of one or more corpora to carry out this demonstration, a posteriori. This paper will attempt such a retrospective demonstration, reporting on the numerous research works carried out in Portugal, which had as an empirical basis the first corpus of sound recordings collected in Portugal, in the field of social work research: the ACASS Corpus.
Collecté au long des années 2008-2010, dans le cadre d'un Projet intitulé Análise Conversacional Aplicada ao Serviço Social, le Corpus ACASS est le premier corpus d'enregistrements de pratiques professionnelles de travailleurs sociaux à avoir été collecté au Portugal (Binet & Freitas, 2008). Collecté dans le département de Sintra, dans l'aire métropolitaine de Lisbonne, avec le soutien d'Isabel de Sousa, assistante sociale, ce premier corpus de l'histoire de la recherche en travail social au Portugal a servi de base empirique à de nombreux travaux, qui, par leur diversité et leur étalement sur un temps relativement long, qui n'est pas clos, montrent et démontrent combien il est scientifiquement justifié et important de promouvoir un archivage pérenne des corpus de données authentiques (Bel, 2012), lors des négociations avec des Commissions d'Éthique de la recherche, instances qui se sont généralisées et multipliées ces dernières années. La vie longue et multiple d'un tel corpus entre en effet en conflit avec la clause de destruction des données après conclusion du projet, que trop de Commissions d'Éthiques souhaitent imposer par défaut, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de contre-arguments scientifiques, accompagnés de garanties de protection des données personnelles adaptées à un archivage pérenne.
Rendre compte de la diversité et de la richesse des travaux qui ont eu pour base empirique un même Corpus, archivé sur une plateforme comme Ortolang, qui offre de solides garanties de protection des données, permet de contre-argumenter contre l'imposition de cette clause, en fournissant des preuves et des évidences de sa vie longue et multiple, sous la forme d'extraits de transcription jeffersonnienne. La pertinence professionnelle des études de corpus en Analyse Conversationnelle appliquée (Antaki, 2011) sera soulignée, avec pour cadre de référence la co-recherche praticienne en travail social et les contributions de celle-ci sur le plan de la formation initiale, continue et avancée des travailleurs sociaux au Portugal.
Cette communication est donc inséparablement scientifique et politique : les commissions d'éthique sont devenues des acteurs-clés de la politique de la recherche, et nous pensons qu'une Association scientifique d'envergure internationale comme l'AILA a un rôle de médiation à remplir, pour rééquilibrer les relations de force, très asymétriques, entre chercheurs et commissions, et ce, bien sûr, sur fond de respect des attributions et responsabilités des uns et des autres.
Bibliographie
ANTAKI, Charles (ED.) - Applied Conversation Analysis: Intervention and Change in Institutional Talk. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011
BEL, Bernard - Mutualisation et archivage pérenne des données orales : un nouveau cadre technique et juridique au service de la recherche en linguistique. In Les Archives de la Recherche : problèmes et enjeux de la construction du savoir scientifique. Paris : Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNAM, 2012
BINET, Michel; FREITAS, Tiago - Acţiune socială şi analiză conversaţională în Portugalia. Obiective şi metodologie ale unui proiect de cercetare. Psihologia Socială (Buletinul Laboratorului ,,Psihologia câmpului social" - Universitatea ,,AI.I. Cuza" Iaşi / Polirom). 20/2007 (2008) 121–130.
BINET, Michel; RULLAC, Stéphane; PINTO, Tânia - La co-enquête microethnographique : Un moteur de la scientifisation du travail social. Intervenção Social. 55/56 (2020) (2022) 167–200.
Presenters Michel Binet Professor, GEACC-CLISSIS, Universidade Lusíada De Lisboa
[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
This study investigates two interactional tasks organized around the request and provision of documents in service encounters between social workers and clients in Portugal. The study proceeds within the framework of multimodal Conversation Analysis, and is grounded on a corpus of video-recorded social work encounters in diverse institutions in Portugal (20h.). The analysis examines the moment-by-moment organization of document-centered tasks as carried out by participants through audible and visible conduct, e.g. requesting, searching for, transferring, showing and reading documents, focusing on the practical challenges that emerge within its course, the opportunities for ensuring intersubjectivity between professional and client(s), and the consequences for informing clients about institutional procedures for obtaining support.
Document use constitutes a pervasive feature of institutions (see Gitelman, 2014; Riles, 2006), being treated and mobilized by professionals and clients as central resources for obtaining knowledge on bureaucratic procedures as well on clients' particular situations (see Zimmermann, 1969). Within the complex material ecologies organizing encounters between social workers and citizens seeking institutional support, the ways in which documents are requested, searched for, transferred, inspected and talked about pose important practical challenges to the participants (see Monteiro, 2019, 2021). The present study proposes a detailed analysis of how documents are managed in Social Work encounters, grounded on a corpus of video recordings of Social Work encounters (20 hours approx.) organized in diverse institutions in Portugal, between speakers of European Portuguese, and proceeding within the framework of multimodal Conversation Analysis (see Mondada, 2018), investigating the situated, moment-by-moment production of social interaction by examining the sequential organization of participants' audible and visible conduct. In the analysis, I focus on two main tasks whereby participants treat documents and written texts as interactionally-relevant for obtaining knowledge and providing information on bureaucratic procedures – requesting clients' documents or for documenting their case, or explaining them how to carry out specific courses of prescribed action by highlighting visible features of written texts –, showing how they are organized through the mobilization of linguistic and bodily resources, as well as object use and, moreover, how they are treated by participants as are crucial and consequential for adequately obtaining and information. This study aims to contribute to the study of document use in institutional interaction (see Day & Mortensen, 2020; Day & Wagner, 2019) and, more specifically, its relevance for the exercise of Social Work practice (see Birk, 2017; Scholar, 2016). Moreover, it aims to investigate how documents are treated by participants as complex sources of knowledge, i.e. as bureaucratic artifacts and as textual and material objects, by focussing on the multimodal organization of participants' practices for requesting, retrieving, inspecting and showing documents.
Analyse sociopragmatique des interactions interculturelles en contexte professionnel (Sociopragmatic analysis of intercultural interactions in the workplace)
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
[The presentation will be in French] In the field of intercultural communication, a vast amount of research has been conducted on various languages, but empirical data on French–Japanese interactions are still scarce. Our study focuses on the professional context in France and aims at analyzing the difficulties encountered by Japanese people in interactions at work, both at the sociopragmatic level (Thomas 1983) and the emotional level (Pavlenko 2005).
Our corpus is composed of a set of semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 Japanese people working in France*. Most of them arrived in France as adults, but the duration of residence varied from 2–50 years. The questions focused on the differences and similarities in interactional behavior between the two cultures at the workplace. The data collected concern various speech acts such as refusal, apology, and compliment, and are discussed by comparing them between professional and everyday interactions. The reason for this is that problems encountered in workplace interactions may have different consequences from conversations in everyday life, such as impacts on work flow, difficulties in gaining trust within the team, or obtaining a promotion.
The interviewees' narratives reveal how difficult it is for them to modify the communicative ethos-the underlying cultural values that make up the implicit norms for communication (Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 2002 ; Béal, 2010). However, with years of experience in the French professional setting, some have found ways to deal with the difficulties they face. Through this study, we aim to suggest some points of discussion that can be helpful for a better understanding of intercultural interactions in the workplace.
*This study is supported by JSPS Kakenhi Grant Number 19K00857.
References Béal, C. (2010), Les interactions quotidiennes en français et en anglais: de l'approche comparative à l'analyse des situations interculturelles, Peter Lang: Berne. Dewaele, J-M. (2007), "Becoming bi-or multi-lingual later in life", in P. Auer & L. Wei (eds.), Handbook of multilingualism and multilingual communication. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 101-130. Harada, S. (2013),"La pragmatique dans les manuels de FLE japonais: entre neutralité et stéréotypes", Recherches et applications, Le français dans le monde, 54, 170-179. Harada, S. (2020), "Les stratégies de refus: excessives ou insuffisantes ?", Le Langage et l'Homme, 2020-1, 39-54. Harada, S. (2022), "Gestion des tours de parole et éthos communicatif de Japonaises en milieu professionnel français", Études en Didactique des Langues, 38, 42-56. Kecskes, I. (2015), "How does pragmatic competence develop in bilinguals?", International Journal of Multilingualism, 12: 4, 419-434. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, C. (2002), "Système linguistique et éthos communicatif", Cahiers de Praxématique, 38, 35-57. Pavlenko, A. (2005). Emotions and multilingualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thomas, J. (1983), "Cross-cultural pragmatic failure", Applied Linguistics, 4, 91-112.
« Ce n’est pas pour nous » : séquences de refus dans un salon international de livres pour enfants
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
« Ce n'est pas pour nous » : rejection sequences in a children's book fair This paper is based on 41 video-recorded interactions involving two French publishers and a number of illustrators during a children's book fair in Italy. The aim of the meetings is for the illustrators to propose their unpublished books to the publishers. The asymmetrical relationship between the participants makes these interactions similar to employment interviews (Glenn & LeBaron 2007). In the large majority of these interactions, the publisher overtly rejects the illustrator's publishing proposal. Relying on a sequential and multimodal approach (Mondada 2017), this study explores the various interactional resources mobilised by participants in order to deal with this dispreferred (Pomerantz & Heritage, 2013) responsive action. By focusing on the relationship between the handling of the book and the verbal rejection of the publishing proposal, this paper contributes to the study of the multimodal and temporal organisation of rejection sequences (Ursi 2016). Moreover, by adopting a cross-linguistic approach, the study will highlight some specificities in the rejection sequences according to the language used (French, English lingua franca, plurilingual conversation).
Cette contribution s'intéresse à des séquences interactionnelles lors desquelles un·e édit·eur·rice refuse un projet éditorial proposé par un·e illustrat·eur·rice, dans un salon de livres pour enfants en Italie. L'étude se fonde sur un corpus audiovisuel de 41 interactions entre un couple d'éditeurs francophones et des illustrat·eurs·rices de langues romanes différentes (italophones, hispanophones) qui leur présentent des œuvres inédites. Ces interactions se caractérisent par une situation d'asymétrie professionnelle entre les participant·e·s, ce qui les rapproche des entretiens d'embauche (Glenn & LeBaron 2007), et par la centralité des livres, qui sont manipulés tout le long de l'interaction (Piccoli, à paraître). La mobilisation de ces objets contribue à structurer l'activité en cours et à faire émerger les identités professionnelles des participant·e·s (Nevile et al.2014, Day & Mortensen 2020). Dans la grande majorité des interactions, le projet éditorial est refusé par l'édit·eur·rice. Comme il a été montré pour d'autres contextes interactionnels (Davidson 1984, Ursi 2016 entre autres), le refus suite à une offre ou proposition constitue une réponse dispréferée (Pomerantz & Heritage 2013) qui demande un travail interactionnel particulier. Dans notre corpus, le refus du projet éditorial peut entraîner des séquences étendues qui peuvent inclure des justifications de la part de l'édit·eur·rice (par ex. la non-adéquation du projet à la ligne éditoriale de la maison d'édition) et/ou des conseils donnés aux l'illustrat·eurs·rices (par ex. ajouter du texte aux images). Par le biais d'une analyse interactionnelle et multimodale (Mondada 2017), cette contribution vise à explorer les différentes ressources interactionnelles mises en œuvre par les participant·e·s lors de ces séquences. Une attention particulière sera portée à la relation entre la manipulation du livre et la réalisation du refus. Par ailleurs, l'adoption d'une approche contrastive à partir de plusieurs configurations linguistiques en interaction, nous permettra de mettre en avant les différentes réalisations du refus en fonction des modalités communicatives choisies (français, anglais lingua franca, conversation plurilingue).
References Day D. & Mortensen K. (2020), Inscribed objects in professional practices: An introduction, JALPP 14(2), 119-126. Davidson, J. (1984), Subsequent versions of invitations, offers, requests, and proposals dealing with potential or actual rejection. In J. M. Atkinson & J. Heritage (Eds), Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 102-128. Glenn P. & LeBaron C. (2007), Epistemic authority in employment interviews: glancing, pointing, touching, Discourse & Communication, 5, 3-22. Mondada L. (2017), Le défi de la multimodalité en interaction. RFLA XXII(2), 71-87. Nevile M., Haddington P., Heinemann T. & Rauniomaa M. (Eds.) (2014), Interacting with Things: The Sociality of Objects, New York, John Benjamins. Piccoli V. (à paraître), Raconter son livre à un éditeur dans un salon international : multimodalité, plurilinguisme, enjeux épistémiques, in L. Greco & S. Nossik, La narration : du discours à la multimodalité, Paris : Lambert Lucas. Pomerantz A. & Heritage J. (2013), Preference, In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell, 210-228. Ursi B. (2016), Le refus en interaction. Une approche syntaxique et séquentielle de la négation. Thèse de doctorat, Université Lumière Lyon 2.
Presenters Vanessa Piccoli Maitresse De Conférences, Université Paris Nanterre
Configurations discursives de la reconstruction du vécu dans les témoignages des résistants. Le cas des archives orales du Musée de la Libération de Paris.
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
The analysis we wish to propose is part of a general reflection on the place of language in the reconstruction of lived experience and the transmission of a memory of events through the expression of individual memories. More precisely, we will analyse the linguistic structures and resources used in reconstructing memory in some interviews of French resistance fighters collected by the Musée de la Libération de Paris. Thanks to the application of the conceptual and methodological tools of the analysis of spoken French in interaction, we will try to observe the strategies used by the witnesses to verbalize and reformat their lived experiences. Indeed, beyond the variations in the status and identity of the witness, the observation of the data reveals the recurrence of comments through which the speakers show a reflexive return to the events of the past and sometimes bring out the distortions of the memory due to the interference of biographical episodes or to accounts of the event from other sources. We will therefore question the linguistic forms and the functions of specific discursive configurations occurring in the narrative of lived experience, taking into account the role played by the voice and body of the witness.
L'analyse que nous souhaitons proposer s'insère dans le cadre d'une réflexion générale sur la modalité de réélaboration et réutilisation de l'expérience vécue, en fonction des différents contextes d'actualisation. L'objectif est de s'interroger sur la place du langage dans la reconstruction du vécu et la transmission d'une mémoire des événements à travers l'expression de mémoires individuelles. Plus précisément, il s'agit d'étudier l'opération de mise en discours et de reconstruction de la mémoire dans un type d'interaction spécifique : l'entretien de témoignage réalisé par l'institution muséale afin d'enrichir les archives orales collectées à des fins patrimoniales. Notre analyse portera notamment sur les témoignages des résistants collectés par le musée de la Libération de Paris – musée du général Leclerc – musée Jean Moulin, institution qui « porte les voix et les récits de celles et ceux qui ont résisté, et pose la question centrale de l'engagement, au cœur d'un monde en guerre. » (https://www.museeliberation-leclerc-moulin.paris.fr/). Grâce à l'application des outils conceptuels et méthodologiques de l'analyse du français parlé en interaction, nous essaierons d'observer les stratégies mobilisées par les témoins pour verbaliser les expériences vécues et nous nous intéresserons en particulier aux traces discursives de l'opération de reformatage et réélaboration du vécu qui manifestent l'orientation permanente des locuteurs.trices envers l'instance de réception. En effet, au-delà des variations de statut du témoin, de ses traits identitaires, du scénario imposé par l'intervieweur.euse (dont l'action peut être plus ou moins intrusive), l'observation des données révèle très globalement la récurrence de commentaires et de gloses introspectives par lesquelles les loucuteurs.trices montrent un retour réflexif sur les événements du passé et font émerger parfois les déformations du souvenir dues à l'interférence d'épisodes biographiques ou aux récits de l'événement en provenance d'autres sources. Le récit de l'expérience vécue, qui se nourrit du regard rétrospectif du locuteur, offre donc, par moments, une réinterprétation des événements du passé qui se manifeste, entre autres, sur le plan métalinguistique. Le filtre exercé par les événements successifs conduit, par exemple, certains témoins à réfléchir sur la signification et l'usage de signes linguistiques tels que « zone libre », « Résistance », « résistants » ou « terroristes », par rapport aux emplois dominant dans la société contemporaine. Nous nous interrogerons donc sur les formes linguistiques (type d'énoncés, présence de modalisateurs épistémiques ou de marqueurs spécifiques, etc.) et les fonctions (justification, déconstruction des idées reçues, etc.) de ces configurations discursives spécifiques, compte tenu du rôle exercé par la voix et le corps du témoignant, « trace matérielle de l'événement » (Dulong, 1998 : 186).
Références bibliographiques
Descamps F., de Préneuf J. et al. (éd.), 2006, Les sources orales et l'histoire. Récits de vie, entretiens, témoignages oraux, Éditions Bréal. Dulong R., 1998, Le témoin oculaire. Les conditions sociales de l'attestation personnelle, Paris, Éditions de l'École des Hautes Études en sciences sociales. Vandenbussche R. (éd.), 2013, Mémoires et représentations de la Résistance, Lille, Publications de l'Institut de recherches historiques du Septentrion. Traverso V., 2016, Décrire le français parlé en interaction, Paris, Ophrys. Wieviorka A., 2013 [1998] L'ère du témoin, Fayard/Pluriel.
Étudier la parole-en-interaction lors de visites guidées, entre recherche appliquée et formation professionnelle
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
Our proposal is part of the Augmented Artwork Analysis project, aiming to produce an application on a digital tablet for an augmented perception and interpretation of paintings in museums. Our corpus of analysis is based on an in situ observation of the mediation practices, mobilizing several cameras and sound recording devices. In a dialogue between a semiotics of practices and an analysis of interactions, we will pay attention to the words exchanged between the participants for what they imply a complex articulation between an experience of the work in situ, a discourse on the work in front of oneself and other objects (in the same museum or in other spaces). In particular, we will emphasize how the study of guided tours in multiple formats (with, in particular, variations in duration, number of works commented on and technicality of the terms used) constitutes a necessary preliminary step to the production of a discourse by researchers on the works and its implementation in a digital application. On the horizon of our reflection, we will question in what way the analysis of the practices of mediation could constitute a relevant tool for the initial/continuous guides training for the negotiation of a professional vision.
Notre proposition s'inscrit dans le projet Augmented Artwork Analysis visant à produire une application sur tablette numérique pour une perception et une interprétation augmentées de tableaux au musée. Le prototype mettra en évidence différentes strates d'une œuvre d'art : l'organisation plastique (textures, couleurs et composition) ; la dimension figurative et narrative (des personnages, des paysages et des objets qui participent de multiples récits) ; la dynamique esthétique (les sens, la sensibilité et les affects des spectateurs). Notre corpus d'analyse relève d'une observation in situ des pratiques des médiations au musée à travers un dispositif de captation qui passe par une pluralité de cameras (360° aussi) et de modalités de prise du son que nous présenterons et problématiserons. Dans un dialogue entre une sémiotique des pratiques (Fontanille, 2008) et une analyse des interactions (Mondada, 2008 ; Dufiet 2012), nous prêterons attention aux paroles échangées entre les participants pour ce qu'elles impliquent une articulation complexe entre une expérience de l'œuvre in situ, un discours sur l'œuvre face à soi et d'autres objets (des productions culturelles et artistiques dans le même musée ou dans d'autres espaces). Nous devrons ainsi prendre en compte la dimension spatiotemporelle du déploiement des interactions où repérer et décrire, d'une part, la négociation du parcours avec ses anticipations et ses rappels (séquentialité, transition entre les pièces, les salles et les œuvres) et, d'autre part, les relations qui s'instaurent entre le groupe et l'espace du musée, entre les guides et les publics. Dans la perspective d'une analyse linguistique et sémiotique appliquée, nous étudierons de manière privilégiée la complexité qui agit dans le déploiement d'une parole-en-interaction sur les tableaux, entre une trame narrative préparée à l'avance et une expérience toujours renouvelée de l'œuvre (des ouvertures occasionnées par l'intervention des publics, la découverte de détails jusqu'alors inaperçus). En nous appuyant sur notre corpus transcrit et annoté via le logiciel ELAN, nous montrerons les différentes formes de rhétorique qui infléchissent le cours de l'interaction dans la mise en partage de sensibilités, de connaissances et de valeurs. Il s'agira notamment de souligner en quoi l'étude de visites guidées aux formats multiples (avec notamment des variations de durée, de nombre d'œuvres commentées et de technicité des termes mobilisés) constitue une étape préalable nécessaire à la production d'un discours des chercheurs sur les œuvres et à son implémentation dans une application numérique. En horizon de notre réflexion, nous interrogerons en quoi l'analyse des pratiques de médiation en interaction pourrait constituer un outil pertinent pour la formation initiale ou continue des guides dans la négociation d'une vision professionnelle (Goodwin, 1994).
Références indicatives Dufiet J.-P. (éd.) (2012). Les visites guidées. Discours, interaction, multimodalité, Trento, Labirinti Fontanille J. (2008). Pratiques sémiotiques, Paris, PUF. Goodwin, C. (1994). Professional Vision. American Anthropologist, 96(3), pp. 606-633. Mondada, L. (2008). Production du savoir et interactions multimodales: Une étude de la modélisation spatiale comme activité pratique située et incarnée. Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances, vol. 2, n°2, pp. 219-266.
Collaborative Turns in Italian talk-in-interaction: collaboration, temporality, and emergent grammar
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
In this research, we provide an account of Collaborative Turns (CTs) in Italian talk-in-interaction. CTs is an umbrella term for two phenomena that have recently been grouped together in the literature (Luke, 2020): 1) Co-constructions (Lerner, 1991), whereby a speaker (A) utters a turn-in-progress projecting more to come, and a co-interactant (B) provides a candidate contribution designed to either continue or complete A's turn, fulfilling a projected grammatical and actional trajectory with integrated syntactic material; 2) Other-extensions, whereby a speaker (A) utters a potential grammatically, pragmatically, and prosodically complete turn (Selting, 2000), but a co-interactant (B) extends the prior turn, in grammatically dependent ways, re-occasioning the end of the turn, a transition relevance place (TRP). Deploying Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, as well as Emergent Grammar (Hopper, 2011), we consider the grammatical design of the turns, the prosodic realization (continuative/final prosody, hesitations, etc.), body orientation (the role of gaze), actional fittedness of turns, and temporality (how a contribution is timed to be heard as collaborative). We analyzed a 12-hour corpus of video data of multi-person interactions (3 -5 participants) in Italian, recorded in different settings (informal dinners; formal business meetings) and found 185 instances of CTs. We illustrate how co-interactants combine turns to implement a variety of specific actions, e.g., co-constructing a speaker's turn to enhance their voice, forming a party with a co-interactant to display shared knowledge and expertise on a topic, turning a story into a laughable, extending a complete turn to add a missing piece of information, managing a delicate disagreement, etc. Thus, we show how collaboration is an interplay of grammatical choices, temporal placement of the turns and embodied conduct, and is therefore an interactional achievement. From an acquisitional perspective, this study contributes to the literature on the acquisition of interactional competence (Biazzi, 2011; Orletti, 2007), giving insights on the kind of structures and functions of co-constructed collaborative turns which are often found in native/non-native spontaneous interactions (Biazzi, 2011; Orletti, 2007).
References Biazzi, M. (2011), Italian Learner Varieties and Syntax-in-Interaction. In Pallotti, G., Wagner, J., & National Foreign Language Resource Center (University of Hawaii at Manoa). L2 learning as social practice: Conversation-analytic perspectives. Honolulu, Hawaii: National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa. 338-368. Hopper, P. (2011). Emergent grammar and temporality in interactional linguistics. In Auer, P., & Pfänder, S. (Eds.). Constructions: Emerging and emergent. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 22-44. Lerner, G. H. (1991). On the syntax of sentences-in-progress. Language in society 20(3): 441-458. Luke, K. K. (2020). Parties and voices: On the joint construction of conversational turns. Chinese Language and Discourse 12(1): 6-34. Orletti, F. (2007), Enunciati a più voci: la conversazione fra grammatica e interazione. In Pettorino, A., Giannini, M., Vallone, M. and R. Savy (eds.), La comunicazione parlata, Liguori, Napoli, 1221-1235. Selting, M. (2000). The construction of units in conversational talk. Language in society 29(4): 477-517.
Diminutives in action: the conversation analytical turn on morphology
[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
Diminutive suffixes have been a topic of interest in several studies and from different perspectives. Although typically a topic of research in Morphology, diminutives have been largely investigated also in Semantics (e.g., Jurafsky 1996), Phonology (e.g., Ferreira 2005), Pragmatics (e.g., Adams 2009; Schneider 2017), Morphopragmatics (e.g., Dressler & Barbaresi 1994); Language and Cultural Socialization (e.g., Savickienė & Dressler 2007; Ochs, Pentecorvo & Fasulo, 1996), and Corpus Linguistics (e.g., Turunen 2008). The denotative semantics of diminutives has been claimed to be derived from the basic concept of dimensional 'smallness' (Jurafsky 1996; Novais 2002; Silva 2006), which relates to the prototypical dimensions of objects. Linguists agree, however, that the diminutives happen more frequently in contexts other than that of reducing the dimension of the referred entity, thus extrapolating the base word to reach the pragmatic level (Basílio 2004; Alves 2006; Rocha 2003; Turunen 2008; Dressler & Barbaresi 1994). In other words, they claim that the investigation of diminutives should move from morphosemantic to morphopragmatic analysis. From the latter perspective, the literature argues that diminutives operate in three main dimensions: referent dimension, speaker and referred entity dimension, and speaker and recipient dimension (Dressler & Barbaresi 1994), and in a variety of functions, such as affection, attenuation, proximity, irony, and insignificance. However, despite such great advancements in the literature, most of the studies that look at 'diminutives in use' still largely rely on single-utterance analysis, and non-naturally occurring interactions, thus overlooking what the sequential, moment-by-moment analysis of real interactions might reveal (cf. Raymond 2022). It is this gap in the literature that the current paper addresses, by reporting on an investigation of the use of diminutives in Brazilian Portuguese in obstetric (N=41) and gynecological (N=104) audio-recorded and fully-transcribed consultations. We investigate the data (over 500 cases of diminutive use) from a conversation analytical perspective to inquire how diminutives contribute to action; i.e., what they are being used to do. In contrast to previous studies on the use of diminutives, we specifically focus on the participants' own analysis and its relevance to action (Raymond 2022). The sequential analysis of naturally-occurring recorded interactions renders insights from a comparative perspective an utterance-only analysis would not be able to reveal; in particular, how participants can refer to the same entity by 'now' deploying a diminutivized form, and 'later' using a non-diminutivized form. Moreover, the investigation shows the participants' own orientations to the use of the diminutives, by selecting one or another form, depending on both the action performed and its sequential placement within the overall structural organization. The study provides evidence of 'mitigation-in-action' in the unfolding of the interactions (e.g., a patient refers to a cyst she fears to be cancer in a non-diminutivized form, whereas the doctor, in response, refers to the same cyst in a diminutivized form). Moreover, the conversation analytical, sequential analysis reveals an unheard-of use of diminutives, i.e., to transition between interactional phases or activities of the consultation.
Presenters Ana Cristina Ostermann Professor, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul / Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos (Unisinos) / CNPq
Teaching how to do being a competent participant in interaction: Using conversational corpora in the foreign language classroom
Oral Presentation[SYMP65] Research on Romance Languages and Social Interaction: Conversation Analytic Studies and Applied Linguistics Perspectives08:30 AM - 04:15 PM (Europe/Amsterdam) 2023/07/18 06:30:00 UTC - 2024/07/18 14:15:00 UTC
This study aims to offer a model of use of publicly available spoken language corpora (Italian and French) for pedagogical purposes, focusing on the use of discourse markers (DMs) in interaction. The ultimate goal is to foster the development of learners' interactional competence (cf. Markee 2019) by exposing them to natural occurring data. Several studies have highlighted how spoken language as it is featured in audio and video materials for foreign language teaching differs significantly from spontaneous talk (Wong 2002). In such a context, even DMs are uncommon and rarely analyzed in teaching materials. DMs are primordial resources for social action which participants also rely on in order to enact and negotiate relationships with other participants. Being able to use DMs consistently should therefore be an integral part of the L2 user's interactional competence. Nevertheless, it is quite difficult to teach how to use these resources in the absence of a natural input. We will show how valuable teaching materials for the L2 classroom can be created by relying on publicly available language corpora (French: corpus FLEURON, André 2016; corpus CLAPI-FLE, Ravazzolo et al., 2015; Italian: corpus KIParla, Ballarè & Mauri 2021). The examples cover some conversational uses of the DMs "be'" in Italian (Pauletto 2017) and "ben" in French (Bruxelles & Traverso 2001). The ultimate goal is to offer teachers a model in which the focus is not so much on the properties of some discrete linguistic items, as on the specific interactional context and sequential position where talk-as-action is produced. From a methodological viewpoint, we engage in a dialogue between different perspectives in applied linguistics, starting from the use of naturally occurring conversational data in the classroom and aiming at effective teaching of interactional skills.
References
André, V. (2016). FLEURON : Français Langue Étrangère Universitaire – Ressources et Outils Numériques. Origine, démarches et perspectives. Mélanges CRAPEL, 37, 69-92. André V. (2018). Plus belle la vie: analyse des interactions et sélection d'un corpus pour l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère. SHS Web of Conferences, 46. Ballarè, S., & Mauri, C. (2021). La creazione del corpus KIParla: Criteri metodologici e prospettive future. RID - Rivista italiana di dialettologia, 44, 53-69.Bruxelles, S. & Traverso V. (2001). Ben dans deux situations polylogales. Apport de la description d'un 'petit mot' du discours à l'étude des polylogues. Marges Linguistiques, 2, 38-55. Markee, N. (2019). Some theoretical reflections on the construct of interactional competence. In M. R. Salaberry & S. Kunitz (eds.), Teaching and testing L2 interactional competence (60-76). New York: Routledge. Pauletto, F. (2017). Be' in posizione iniziale dei turni di parola: Una risorsa interazionale per l'organizzazione delle azioni, delle sequenze e dei topic. Vox Romanica, 75, 73-98.Ravazzolo, E., Traverso, V., Jouin, E., & Vigner, G. (2015). Interactions, dialogues, conversations: L'oral en français langue étrangère. Paris: Hachette FLE.Wong J. (2002). 'Applying' conversation analysis in applied linguistics: Evaluating dialogue in English as a second language textbooks. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 40, 37-60.
Presenters Franco Pauletto Profesor Ayudante Doctor, Universidad Complutense De MadridBiagio Ursi Associate Professor, Université D'Orléans/CNRS
Michel Binet
Vanessa Piccoli
Julien THIBURCE
Virginia Calabria
Ana Cristina Ostermann
Franco Pauletto
Biagio Ursi